Scorpion Biodiversity and Interslope Divergence at “Evolution Canyon”, Lower Nahal Oren Microsite, Mt. Carmel, Israel 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Scorpion Biodiversity and Interslope Divergence at “Evolution Canyon”, Lower Nahal Oren Microsite, Mt. Carmel, Israel 英文参考文献.doc

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Scorpion Biodiversity and Interslope Divergence at “Evolution Canyon”, Lower Nahal Oren Microsite, Mt. Carmel, Israel 英文参考文献

ScorpionBiodiversityandInterslopeDivergenceat ‘‘EvolutionCanyon’’,LowerNahalOrenMicrosite,Mt. Carmel,Israel ShmuelRaz1,2*,SionRetzkin2,Toma′sˇ Pavl?′cˇek2,AdamHoffman3,HagayKimchi3,DanZehavi{ ,Avigdor Beiles2,EviatarNevo2 1DepartmentofEvolutionaryandEnvironmentalBiology,UniversityofHaifa,Haifa,Israel,2InstituteofEvolution,InternationalGraduateCenterofEvolution,Universityof Haifa,Haifa,Israel,3InstituteofEvolution,EvolutionYouthCadets,UniversityofHaifa,Haifa,Israel Abstract Background: Local natural laboratories, designated by us as the ‘‘Evolution Canyon’’ model, are excellent tools to study regionalandglobalecologicaldynamicsacrosslife.Theypresentabioticandbioticcontrastslocally,permittingthepursuit of observations and experiments across diverse taxa sharing sharp microecological subdivisions. Higher solar radiation received by the ‘‘African savannah-like’’ south-facing slopes (AS) in canyons north of the equator than by the opposite ‘‘Europeanmaquis-like’’north-facingslopes(ES)isassociatedwithhigherabioticstress.Scorpionsareasuitabletaxonto studyinterslopebiodiversitydifferences,associatedwiththedifferencesinabioticfactors(climate,drought),duetotheir abilitytoadapttodryenvironments. Methodology/Principal Findings: Scorpions were studied by the turning stone method and by UV light methods. The patternobservedinscorpionswascontrastedwithsimilarpatternsinseveralothertaxaatthesameplace.Asexpected,the ASprovedtobesignificantlymorespecioseregardingscorpions,parallelingtheinterslopepatternsintaxasuchaslizards and snakes, butterflies (Rhopalocera), beetles (families Tenebrionidae, Dermestidae, Chrysomelidae), and grasshoppers (Orthoptera). Conclusions/Significance:Ourresultssupportanearlierconclusionstatingthatthehomogenizingeffectsofmigrationand stochasticityarenotabletoeliminatetheinterslopeintra-andinterspecificdifferencesinbiodiversitydespiteaninterslope distanceofonly100matthe‘‘EC’’valleybottom.Inouropinion,theinterslopemicroclimateselection,drivenmainlyby differ