Seeking Membranes Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication Complexes 英文参考文献.docVIP

Seeking Membranes Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication Complexes 英文参考文献.doc

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Seeking Membranes Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication Complexes 英文参考文献

Primer Seeking Membranes: Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication Complexes Mark R. Denison V iruses containing RNA genomes, or RNA viruses, constitute an extensive genetic group of plant, animal, and human viruses. RNA viruses include many in detail in recent reviews [2–5]. These sites, containing cellular membranes, viral RNA, and viral replicase proteins, are generally referred to as replication complexes (RCs). This term is an accepted working imprecision, especially in comparison with the more defined protein/DNA/RNA RCs of cellular replication. RCs of +RNA viruses are more akin to factories than molecular machines, since they mediate or coordinate multiple functions at different sites during the course of infection. Specifically, +RNA genomes must function in RCs as templates for translation, minus-strand synthesis, and packaging into progeny virions, as well as for amplifying RCs over the course of infection. In addition, RCs also likely contain multiple cellular proteins, although for most +RNA viruses these remain to be defined by proteomic analysis of purified RCs. viruses that are important human pathogens, and have been shown to have the ability to move from animals to humans, resulting in zoonotic-human epidemics. RNA viruses that contain single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity are known as positive-strand RNA (+RNA) viruses. +RNA virus families of animals and humans include the Coronaviridae (SARS-coronavirus), Picornaviridae (poliovirus, hepatitis A), Flaviviridae (dengue, West Nile virus) and Togaviridae (Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, rubella virus). The objective of this Primer is to focus on established and new approaches to understand the interface of +RNA virus replication and cell biology. The Complexities of +RNA Virus Cell Biology New Tools, Better Models Positive-strand viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the host cell in association with cytoplasmic membranes. To complete a productive infection, they must enter cells, inst

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