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Seeking Membranes Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication Complexes 英文参考文献
Primer
Seeking Membranes: Positive-Strand RNA
Virus Replication Complexes
Mark R. Denison
V
iruses containing RNA genomes, or RNA viruses,
constitute an extensive genetic group of plant, animal,
and human viruses. RNA viruses include many
in detail in recent reviews [2–5]. These sites, containing
cellular membranes, viral RNA, and viral replicase proteins,
are generally referred to as replication complexes (RCs).
This term is an accepted working imprecision, especially in
comparison with the more defined protein/DNA/RNA RCs
of cellular replication. RCs of +RNA viruses are more akin
to factories than molecular machines, since they mediate
or coordinate multiple functions at different sites during
the course of infection. Specifically, +RNA genomes must
function in RCs as templates for translation, minus-strand
synthesis, and packaging into progeny virions, as well as for
amplifying RCs over the course of infection. In addition, RCs
also likely contain multiple cellular proteins, although for
most +RNA viruses these remain to be defined by proteomic
analysis of purified RCs.
viruses that are important human pathogens, and have been
shown to have the ability to move from animals to humans,
resulting in zoonotic-human epidemics. RNA viruses that
contain single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity are
known as positive-strand RNA (+RNA) viruses. +RNA virus
families of animals and humans include the Coronaviridae
(SARS-coronavirus), Picornaviridae (poliovirus, hepatitis
A), Flaviviridae (dengue, West Nile virus) and Togaviridae
(Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, rubella virus). The
objective of this Primer is to focus on established and new
approaches to understand the interface of +RNA virus
replication and cell biology.
The Complexities of +RNA Virus Cell Biology
New Tools, Better Models
Positive-strand viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the host
cell in association with cytoplasmic membranes. To complete
a productive infection, they must enter cells, inst
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