Selection in the evolution of gene duplications 英文参考文献.docVIP

/2002/3/2/research/0008.1 Research Selection in the evolution of gene duplications Fyodor A Kondrashov, Igor B Rogozin, Yuri I Wolf and Eugene V Koonin Address: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. Correspondence: Fyodor A Kondrashov. E-mail: fkondras@ Published: 14 January 2002 Received: 17 September 2001 Revised: 3 December 2001 Accepted: 4 January 2002 GenomeBiology 2002, 3(2):research0008.1–0008.9 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2002/3/2/research/0008 ? 2002 Kondrashov et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-6906; Online ISSN 1465-6914) Abstract Background: Gene duplications have a major role in the evolution of new biological functions. Theoretical studies often assume that a duplication per se is selectively neutral and that, following a duplication, one of the gene copies is freed from purifying (stabilizing) selection, which creates the potential for evolution of a new function. Results: In search of systematic evidence of accelerated evolution after duplication, we used data from 26 bacterial, six archaeal, and seven eukaryotic genomes to compare the mode and strength of selection acting on recently duplicated genes (paralogs) and on similarly diverged, unduplicated orthologous genes in different species. We find that the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (K /K ) in most paralogous pairs is 1 and that paralogs typically evolve at similar n s rates, without significant asymmetry, indicating that both paralogs produced by a duplication are subject to purifying selection. This selection is, however, substantially weaker than the purifying selection affecting unduplicated orthologs that have diverged to the same extent as the analyzed paralogs. Most of the recently duplicated genes appear to be involved in various forms of environmental respon