Selection in dual-purpose cattle populations effect of beef crossing and cow replacement rates 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Selection in dual-purpose cattle populations effect of beef crossing and cow replacement rates 英文参考文献.doc

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Selection in dual-purpose cattle populations effect of beef crossing and cow replacement rates 英文参考文献

SELECTION IN DUAL-PURPOSE CATTLE POPULATIONS : EFFECT OF BEEF CROSSING AND COW REPLACEMENT RATES y A. E. McCLINTOCK al E. P. CUNNINGHAM The Agricultu Institute, Dunsinea, Castleknock, Co. Dublin (Irelamd) It is shown that increasing beef crossing and increasing cow replacement rates both increase the number of expressions of a bull’s dairy genotype following one insemination while the expressions of his beef genotype are little affected. The result of this is that (i) a high level of beef crossing is efficient, should be given to dairy traits in selecting bulls, testing and selection is enhanced. )3( the return for investment in dairy bull C K Dual purpose bulls for use in AI should be selected for a weighted function of lation concerned. In a previous paper shown that the selection objective can be defined to reflect the real economic value of the bull’s total genotype as expressed through one insemination. This requires that each beef or dairy trait be weighted by a factor which is the product of two elements : a) the financial value of a unit of production for the trait; The financial element depends on production costs and market returns. In any particular population, it will be relatively fixed. The relative degrees of expression of the bull’s beef and dairy genotype depend primarily on the probability that the calf born from an average insemination will become a dairy cow. This probabiliy in turn depends on two aspects of population structure : the amount of crossing with beef bulls and the replacement rate of dairy cows. In this paper, we examine the way in which these factors affect the definition of the breeding objective, and through it the whole breeding strategy in dual purpose cattle populations. dual-purpose ? any population in which the cows are milked and the male and surplus female progeny are reared for beef. Population size is presumed constant. All calves beef animals for sale at about two years of age. calve