Separation Technique for the Determination of Highly Polar Metabolites in Biological Samples 英文参考文献.docVIP

Metabolites 2012, 2, 496-515; doi:10.3390/metabo2030496 OPEN ACCESS metabolites ISSN 2218-1989 /journal/metabolites/ Review Separation Technique for the Determination of Highly Polar Metabolites in Biological Samples Yusuke Iwasaki, Takahiro Sawada, Kentaro Hatayama, Akihito Ohyagi, Yuri Tsukuda, Kyohei Namekawa, Rie Ito, Koichi Saito and Hiroyuki Nakazawa * Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: nakazawa@hoshi.ac.jp; Tel.: +81-3-5498-5765; Fax: +81-3-5498-5765. Received: 8 June 2012; in revised form: 31 July 2012 / Accepted: 6 August 2012 / Published: 16 August 2012 Abstract: Metabolomics is a new approach that is based on the systematic study of the full complement of metabolites in a biological sample. Metabolomics has the potential to fundamentally change clinical chemistry and, by extension, the fields of nutrition, toxicology, and medicine. However, it can be difficult to separate highly polar compounds. Mass spectrometry (MS), in combination with capillary electrophoresis (CE), gas chromatography (GC), or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the key analytical technique on which emerging omics technologies, namely, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, are based. In this review, we introduce various methods for the separation of highly polar metabolites. Keywords: capillary electrophoresis; gas chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; highly polar metabolite 1. Introduction Recent advances in genome sequencing have underscored the fact that our knowledge of gene function is still limited, with typically 30%–40% of open reading frames having no known function to this day [1]. In life sciences, there is an obvious need to determine the biological function of the so