Sleep Supports Selective Retention of Associative Memories Based on Relevance for Future Utilization 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Sleep Supports Selective Retention of Associative Memories Based on Relevance for Future Utilization 英文参考文献.doc

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SleepSupportsSelectiveRetentionofAssociative MemoriesBasedonRelevanceforFutureUtilization EelcoV.vanDongen1,2*,Jan-WillemThielen1,AtsukoTakashima3,MarkusBarth1,Guille′nFerna′ndez1,2 1RadboudUniversityNijmegen,DondersInstituteforBrain,CognitionandBehaviour,Nijmegen,TheNetherlands,2RadboudUniversityMedicalCentre,Departmentfor CognitiveNeuroscience,Nijmegen,TheNetherlands,3RadboudUniversityNijmegen,BehavioralScienceInstitute,Nijmegen,TheNetherlands Abstract An outstanding question is whether memory consolidation occurs passively or involves active processes that selectively stabilizememoriesbasedonfutureutility.Here,wedifferentiallymodulatedtheexpectedfuturerelevanceoftwosetsof picture-location associations after learning. Participants first studied two sets of picture-location associations. After abaselinememorytest,theywereinstructedthatonlyonesetofassociationswouldberetestedaftera14-hourdelay.For half of the participants, this test-retest delay contained a night of sleep; for the other half the delay included a normal workingday.Atretest,participantswerere-instructedandagainsttheirexpectationstestedonbothsetsofassociations. Our results show that post-learning instruction about subsequent relevance selectively improves memory retention for specificassociativememories.Thiseffectwassleep-dependent;itwaspresentonlyinthegroupofsubjectsforwhichthe test-retestdelaycontainedsleep.Moreover,timespentasleepforparticipantsinthissleepgroupcorrelatedwithretention of relevant but not irrelevant associations; participants who slept longer forgot fewer associations from the relevant category.Incontrast,participantsthatdidnotsleepforgotmorerelevantthanirrelevantassociationsacrossthetest-retest delay.Insummary,ourresultsindicatethatitispossibletomodulatetheretentionofselectedmemoriesafterlearningwith simpleverbalinstructionsontheirfuturerelevance.Thefindingthatthiseffectdependsonsleepdemonstratesthisstate’s activeroleinmemoryconsolidationandmayhaveutilityforeducationalsettings. Cita