Social Transmission of Fear in Rats The Role of 22-kHz Ultrasonic Distress Vocalization 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Social Transmission of Fear in Rats The Role of 22-kHz Ultrasonic Distress Vocalization 英文参考文献.doc

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Social Transmission of Fear in Rats The Role of 22-kHz Ultrasonic Distress Vocalization 英文参考文献

SocialTransmissionofFearinRats:TheRoleof22-kHz UltrasonicDistressVocalization EunJooKim1,EarnestS.Kim1,EllenCovey1,2,JeansokJ.Kim1,2 * 1Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 2Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington,Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Socialalarmcallsalertanimalstopotentialdangerandtherebypromotegroupsurvival.Adultlaboratoryrats in distress emit 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalization (USV) calls, but the question of whether these USV calls directly elicit defensivebehaviorinconspecificsisunresolved. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study investigated, in pair-housed male rats, whether and how the conditionedfear-induced22-kHzUSVsemittedbythe‘sender’animalaffectthebehaviorofitspartner,the‘receiver’animal, whenbothareplacedtogetherinanovelchamber.Thesenderrats’conditionedfearresponsesevokedsignificantfreezing (anovertevidenceoffear)inreceiverratsthathadpreviouslyexperiencedanaversiveeventbutnotinna?¨vereceiverrats. Permanentlesionsandreversibleinactivationsofthemedialgeniculatenucleus(MGN)ofthethalamuseffectivelyblocked the receivers’ freeezing response to the senders’ conditioned fear responses, and this occurred in absence of lesions/ inactivationsimpedingthereceiveranimals’abilitytofreezeandemit22-kHzUSVstotheaversiveeventperse. Conclusions/Significance:Theseresults—thatpriorexperienceoffearandintactauditorysystemarerequiredforreceiver ratstorespondtotheirconspecifics’conditionedfearresponses—indicatethatthe22-kHzUSVisthemainfactorforsocial transmissionoffearandthatlearningplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofsocialsignalingofdangerbyUSVs. Citation:KimEJ,KimES,CoveyE,KimJJ(2010)SocialTransmissionofFearinRats:TheRoleof22-kHzUltrasonicDistressVocalization.PLoSONE5(12):e15077. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015077 Editor:GeorgesChapouthier,Universite′ PierreetMarieCurie,France ReceivedSeptember21,2010;AcceptedOctober18,2010;PublishedDecember1,201