Soil Biota Reduce Allelopathic Effects of the Invasive Eupatorium adenophorum 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Soil Biota Reduce Allelopathic Effects of the Invasive Eupatorium adenophorum 英文参考文献.doc

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Soil Biota Reduce Allelopathic Effects of the Invasive Eupatorium adenophorum 英文参考文献

SoilBiotaReduceAllelopathicEffectsoftheInvasive Eupatoriumadenophorum XunzhiZhu1,JintunZhang2,KepingMa1* 1State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 2College of Life Sciences, Beijing NormalUniversity,Beijing,China Abstract Allelopathy has been hypothesized to play a role in exotic plant invasions, and study of this process can improve our understanding of how direct and indirect plant interactions influence plant community organization and ecosystem functioning.However,allelopathiceffectscanbehighlyconditional.Forexampleallelopathiceffectsdemonstratedinvivo canbedifficulttodemonstrateinfieldsoils.HerewetestedphytotoxicityofEupatoriumadenophorum(croftonweed),one ofthemostdestructiveexoticspeciesinChina,toanativeplantspeciesBrassicarapabothinsandandinnativesoil.Our results suggested that natural soils from different invaded habitats alleviated or eliminated the efficacy of potential allelochemicalsrelativetosandcultures.Whenthatsoilissterilized,theallelopathiceffectsreturned;suggestingthatsoil biotawereresponsibleforthereducedphytotoxicityinnaturalsoils.Neitherofthetwoallelopathiccompounds(9-Oxo- 10,11-dehydroageraphoroneand9b-Hydroxyageraphorone)ofE.adenophorumcouldbefoundinnaturalsoilsinfestedby theinvader,andwhenthosecompoundswereaddedtothesoilsasleachates,theyshowedsubstantialdegradationafter24 hoursinnaturalsoilsbutnotinsand.Ourfindingsemphasizethatsoilbiotacanreducetheallelopathiceffectsofinvaders on other plants, and therefore can reduce community invasibility. These results also suggest that soil biota may have strongerorweakereffectsonallelopathicinteractionsdependingonhowallelochemicalsaredelivered. Citation: Zhu X, Zhang J, Ma K (2011) Soil Biota Reduce Allelopathic Effects of the Invasive Eupatorium adenophorum. PLoS ONE 6(9): e25393. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0025393 Editor:MatthiasRillig,FreieUniversita¨t Berlin,Germany ReceivedJuly9,2011;AcceptedSeptember2,2011;Publ