Sol-Gel Synthesis of Non-Silica Monolithic Materials 英文参考文献.docVIP

Materials 2010, 3, 2815-2833; doi:10.3390/ma3042815 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 /journal/materials Review Sol-Gel Synthesis of Non-Silica Monolithic Materials Bart?omiej Gawe?, Kamila Gawe? and Gisle ?ye* Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; E-Mails: bartlomiej.gawel@chemeng.ntnu.no (B.G.); kamila.gawel@ntnu.no (K.G.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: gisle.oye@chemeng.ntnu.no; Tel.: +47 73 59 55 05; Fax: +47 73 59 40 80. Received: 15 February 2010; in revised form: 13 April 2010 / Accepted: 16 April 2010 / Published: 21 April 2010 Abstract: Monolithic materials have become very popular because of various applications, especially within chromatography and catalysis. Large surface areas and multimodal porosities are great advantages for these applications. New sol-gel preparation methods utilizing phase separation or nanocasting have opened the possibility for preparing materials of other oxides than silica. In this review, we present different synthesis methods for inorganic, non-silica monolithic materials. Some examples of application of the materials are also included. Keywords: monoliths; hierarchical porosity; sol-gel 1. Introduction According to the IUPAC definition: “A monolith is a shaped, fabricated, intractable article with a homogeneous microstructure that does not exhibit any structural components distinguishable by optical microscopy” [1]. A compact monolithic structure is very often an advantage, or even a requirement, for many applications. For example, porous monoliths used in flow through catalytic or separation systems give lower backpressure, higher permeability and better performance compared to packed columns [2]. Inorganic multiporous monoliths based on silicon oxide are the most common. Applications include solid