Sp1- and Krüppel-like transcription factors 英文参考文献.docVIP

Protein family review Sp1- and Krüppel-like transcription factors Joanna Kaczynski*?, Tiffany Cook? and Raul Urrutia*?§ Addresses: *Gastroenterology Research Unit, ?Tumor Biology Program, and §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA. ?Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. Correspondence: Raul Urrutia. E-mail: urrutia.raul@ Published: 3 February 2003 Genome Biology 2003, 4:206 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2003/4/2/206 ? 2003 BioMed Central Ltd Summary Sp1-like proteins and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are highly related zinc-finger proteins that are important components of the eukaryotic cellular transcriptional machinery. By regulating the expression of a large number of genes that have GC-rich promoters, Sp1-like/KLF transcription regulators may take part in virtually all facets of cellular function, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Individual members of the Sp1-like/KLF family can function as activators or repressors depending on which promoter they bind and the coregulators with which they interact. A long-standing research aim has been to define the mechanisms by which Sp1-like factors and KLFs regulate gene expression and cellular function in a cell- and promoter-specific manner. Most members of this family have been identified in mammals, with at least 21 Sp1-like/KLF proteins encoded in the human genome, and members are also found in frogs, worms and flies. Sp1-like/KLF proteins have highly conserved carboxy- terminal zinc-finger domains that function in DNA binding. The amino terminus, containing the transcription activation domain, can vary significantly between family members. Gene organization and evolutionary history Sp1 was identified in the early 1980s