Spatial and temporal dynamics of cellulose degradation and biofilm formation by Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis and Clostridium thermocellum 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Spatial and temporal dynamics of cellulose degradation and biofilm formation by Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis and Clostridium thermocellum 英文参考文献.doc

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Wangetal.AMBExpress2011,1:30 /content/1/1/30 ORIGINAL OpenAccess Spatialandtemporaldynamicsofcellulose degradationandbiofilmformationby CaldicellulosiruptorobsidiansisandClostridium thermocellum Zhi-WuWang1,Seung-HwanLee2,JamesGElkins1andJenniferLMorrell-Falvey1* Abstract Cellulosedegradationisoneofthemajorbottlenecksofaconsolidatedbioprocessthatemployscellulolytic bacterialcellsascatalyststoproducebiofuelsfromcellulosicbiomass.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthespatialand temporaldynamicsofcellulosedegradationbyCaldicellulosiruptforobsidiansis,whichdoesnotproduce cellulosomes,andClostridiumthermocellum,whichdoesproducecellulosomes.Resultsshowedthatthe degradationofeitherregeneratedornaturalcellulosewassynchronizedwithbiofilmformation,aprocess characterizedbytheformationandfusionofnumerouscrater-likedepressionsonthecellulosesurface.Inaddition, thedynamicsofbiofilmformationweresimilarinbothbacteria,regardlessofcellulosomeproduction.Onlythe areasofcellulosesurfacecolonizedbymicrobesweresignificantlydegraded,highlightingtheessentialroleofthe cellulolyticbiofilmincelluloseutilization.Afterinitialattachment,themicrobialbiofilmstructureremainedthin, uniformanddensethroughouttheexperiment.Acellularautomatonmodel,constructedundertheassumption thattheattachedcellsdivideandproducedaughtercellsthatcontributetothehydrolysisoftheadjacent cellulose,canlargelysimulatetheobservedprocessofbiofilmformationandcellulosedegradation.Thisstudy presentsamodel,basedondirectobservation,correlatingcellulolyticbiofilmformationwithcellulosedegradation. Keywords:biofilm,thermophile,cellulosome,cellulose Introduction biomass hydrolysis (Cheng et al. 1984; Mooney and Biofuelsprovideanumberofenvironmentaladvantages Goodwin 1991; Weimer etal. 1993; Miron etal. 2001; overfossil fuels, especially ingreenhouse gasreduction Burrelletal.2004;Songetal.2005,Lyndetal.2006),few (Hromadko et al. 2010). Cellulosic biomass is often details are known regarding the dynamic interaction recognized asoneofthebest