Surface Modification on Acoustic Wave Biosensors for Enhanced Specificity 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2012, 12, 12317-12328; doi:10.3390/s120912317 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Surface Modification on Acoustic Wave Biosensors for Enhanced Specificity Onursal Onen ?, Asad A. Ahmad ?, Rasim Guldiken and Nathan D. Gallant * Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; E-Mails: onursalonen@ (O.O.); aaahmad@ (A.A.A.); guldiken@ (R.G.) ? These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ngallant@; Tel.: +1-813-974-5840; Fax: +1-813-974-3539. Received: 2 July 2012; in revised form: 3 September 2012 / Accepted: 4 September 2012 / Published: 10 September 2012 Abstract: Changes in mass loading on the surface of acoustic biosensors result in output frequency shifts which provide precise measurements of analytes. Therefore, to detect a particular biomarker, the sensor delay path must be judiciously designed to maximize sensitivity and specificity. B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) found in urine is under investigation as a biomarker for non-invasive early detection of ovarian cancer. In this study, surface chemistry and biofunctionalization approaches were evaluated for their effectiveness in presenting antibodies for Bcl-2 capture while minimizing non-specific protein adsorption. The optimal combination of sequentially adsorbing protein A/G, anti-Bcl-2 IgG and Pluronic F127 onto a hydrophobic surface provided the greatest signal-to-noise ratio and enabled the reliable detection of Bcl-2 concentrations below that previously identified for early stage ovarian cancer as characterized by a modified ELISA method. Finally, the optimal surface modification was applied to a prototype acoustic device and the frequency shift for a range of Bcl-2 concentration was quantified to demonstrate the effectiven