Tobacco control in the Russian Federation- a policy analysis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Tobacco control in the Russian Federation- a policy analysis 英文参考文献.doc

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Tobacco control in the Russian Federation- a policy analysis 英文参考文献

LunzeandMiglioriniBMCPublicHealth2013,13:64 /1471-2458/13/64 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess TobaccocontrolintheRussianFederation-a policyanalysis KarstenLunze1*andLuigiMigliorini2 Abstract Background:TheRussianFederation(Russia)hasoneofthehighestsmokingratesintheworld.Thepurposeof thisstudyistoanalyzepastandcurrenttrendsofthetobaccoepidemicintheRussianFederation,reviewcurrent tobaccocontrolpolicyresponses,andidentifyareasofopportunityforpolicypriorities. Methods:Weusedapolicytriangleasanalyticalframeworktoexaminecontent,context,andprocessesofRussian tobaccocontrolpolicy.TheanalysiswasbasedonsecondarydataonsupplyanddemandsidesoftheRussian tobaccoepidemic,tobacco-relatedeconomicandhealtheffectsduringRussia’seconomictransition,and complianceofRussiantobaccopolicywithinternationalstandardsandregulations. Results:Tobacco-promotingstrategieshavespecificallytargetedwomenandyouth.Russia’sapprovalofa“National TobaccoControlConcept”anddraftforacomprehensivetobaccocontrolbillincreasinglyalignnationallegislature withtheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl(FCTC).However,severalstructuralandculturalfactors representsubstantialbarrierstothepolicyprocess.Theinfluenceoftransnationaltobaccocompaniesonpolicy processesinRussiahassofarimpededafullimplementationoftheFCTCmandates. Conclusions:Severalstrategieshavebeenidentifiedashavingthepotentialtoreducetheprevalenceoftobacco useinRussiaanddecreasetobacco-relatednationalhealthandeconomicburden:adjustingnationaltobaccopolicy byraisingtobaccotaxfromthecurrentlowestlevelinEuropetoatleast70%;consequentenforcementofa completesmokingbaninpublicplaces;marketingrestrictions;andsmokingcessationinterventionsintegratedinto primarycare.Russia’stobaccocontroleffortsneedtotargetwomenandyouthsspecificallytoefficientlycounter industryefforts. Background following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Tobacco use is the single largest cause of preventable According to the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Sur- death globally, responsible for more than