Transposable elements reveal a stem cell-specific class of long noncoding RNAs 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Transposable elements reveal a stem cell-specific class of long noncoding RNAs 英文参考文献
KelleyandRinnGenomeBiology2012,13:R107
/2012/13/11/R107
RESEARCH
OpenAccess
Transposableelementsrevealastemcell-specific
classoflongnoncodingRNAs
DavidKelley1,2,3 andJohnRinn1,2,3*
Abstract
Background:Numerousstudiesoverthepastdecadehaveelucidatedalargesetoflongintergenicnoncoding
RNAs(lincRNAs)inthehumangenome.ResearchsincehasshownthatlincRNAsconstituteanimportantlayerof
genomeregulationacrossawidespectrumofspecies.However,thefactorsgoverningtheirevolutionandorigins
remainrelativelyunexplored.OnepossiblefactordrivinglincRNAevolutionandbiologicalfunctionistransposable
element(TE)insertions.Here,wecomprehensivelycharacterizetheTEcontentoflincRNAsrelativetogenomic
averagesandproteincodingtranscripts.
Results:OuranalysisoftheTEcompositionof9,241humanlincRNAsrevealedthat,insharpcontrasttoprotein
codinggenes,83%oflincRNAscontainaTE,andTEscomprise42%oflincRNAsequence.lincRNATEcomposition
variessignificantlyfromgenomicaverages-L1andAluelementsaredepletedandbroadclassesofendogenous
retrovirusesareenriched.TEsoccurinbiasedpositionsandorientationswithinlincRNAs,particularlyattheir
transcriptionstartsites,suggestingaroleinlincRNAtranscriptionalregulation.Accordingly,weobservedadramatic
exampleofHERVHtranscriptionalregulatorysignalscorrelatingstronglywithstemcell-specificexpressionof
lincRNAs.Conversely,lincRNAsdevoidofTEsareexpressedatgreaterlevelsthanlincRNAswithTEsinalltissues
andcelllines,particularlyinthetestis.
Conclusions:TEspervadelincRNAs,dividingthemintoclasses,andmayhaveshapedlincRNAevolutionand
functionbyconferringtissue-specificexpressionfromextanttranscriptionalregulatorysignals.
Background
codinggenes[1,2,19,20].ThoughextensivelncRNAcata-
Recentcomprehensivetranscriptomesequencingstudies logshavebeendiscoveredindiverseorganisms,recently
uncovered alargeclass ofpreviously unannotated long including zebrafish [3,4], Drosophila [5],andnematode
noncodingRNA(lncRNA)genesinvariousspecieswith [21],distanthomologuestohumanlncRNAsarelessfre-
similarsplicingand
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