Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Remote Sensing and Scientific Research Classification and Considerations of Use 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Remote Sensing and Scientific Research Classification and Considerations of Use 英文参考文献.doc

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Remote Sensing and Scientific Research Classification and Considerations of Use 英文参考文献

Remote Sens. 2012, 4, 1671-1692; doi:10.3390/rs4061671 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Remote Sensing and Scientific Research: Classification and Considerations of Use Adam C. Watts 1,*, Vincent G. Ambrosia 2 and Everett A. Hinkley 3 1 School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 2 California State University, Monterey Bay/NASA-Ames Research Center, P.O. Box 1, MS 245-4, Bld. 245, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; E-Mail: vincent.g.ambrosia@ 3 USDA Forest Service, 1601 N. Kent Street, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22209, USA; E-Mail: ehinkley@fs.fed.us * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: acwatts@; Tel.: +1-352-318-2471; Fax: +1-352-846-0841. Received: 7 April 2012; in revised form: 1 June 2012 / Accepted: 4 June 2012 / Published: 8 June 2012 Abstract: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have evolved rapidly over the past decade driven primarily by military uses, and have begun finding application among civilian users for earth sensing reconnaissance and scientific data collection purposes. Among UAS, promising characteristics are long flight duration, improved mission safety, flight repeatability due to improving autopilots, and reduced operational costs when compared to manned aircraft. The potential advantages of an unmanned platform, however, depend on many factors, such as aircraft, sensor types, mission objectives, and the current UAS regulatory requirements for operations of the particular platform. The regulations concerning UAS operation are still in the early development stages and currently present significant barriers to entry for scientific users. In this article we describe a variety of platforms, as well as sensor capabilities, and identify advantages of each as relevant to the demands of users in the scientific research sector. We also briefly discuss the curr