Use of a total traffic count metric to investigate the impact of roadways on asthma severity a case-control study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Use of a total traffic count metric to investigate the impact of roadways on asthma severity a case-control study 英文参考文献.doc

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Use of a total traffic count metric to investigate the impact of roadways on asthma severity a case-control study 英文参考文献

Cooketal.EnvironmentalHealth2011,10:52 /content/10/1/52 RESEARCH OpenAccess Useofatotaltrafficcountmetrictoinvestigate theimpactofroadwaysonasthmaseverity: acase-controlstudy AngusGCook1,2*,AnnemarieJBMdeVos2,3,GavinPereira1,2,AndrewJardine2,4 andPhilipWeinstein2,5 Abstract Background:Thisstudyhadtwoprincipalobjectives:(i)toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenasthmaseverity andproximitytomajorroadwaysinPerth,WesternAustralia;(ii)todemonstrateamoreaccuratemethodof exposureassessmentfortrafficpollutantsusinganinnovativeGIS-basedmeasurethatfullyintegratesalltraffic densitiesaroundsubjectresidences. Methods:Weconductedaspatialcase-controlstudy,inwhich‘cases’weredefinedasindividualsagedunder19years ofagewithmoresevereasthma(definedhereastwoormoreemergencydepartmentcontactswithasthmaina defined5-yearperiod)versusage-andgender-matched‘controls’withlesssevereasthma(definedhereasone emergencydepartmentcontactforasthma).TrafficexposuresweremeasuredusingaGIS-basedapproachtodetermine thelengthsoftheroadsfallingwithinabufferarea,andthenmultiplyingthembytheirrespectivetrafficcounts. Results:Weexaminedthespatialrelationshipbetweenemergencydepartmentcontactsforasthmaatthree differentbuffersizes:50metres,100metresand150metres.Noeffectwasnotedforthe50metrebuffer(OR= 1.07;95%CI:0.91-1.26),butelevatedoddsratioswereobservedwithforcrude(unadjusted)estimatesOR=1.21 (95%CI:1.00-1.46)for100metrebuffersandOR=1.25(95%CI:1.02-1.54)for150metrebuffers.Foradjustedrisk estimates,onlythe150metrebufferyieldedastatisticallysignificantfinding(OR=1.24;95%CI:1.00-1.52). Conclusions:Ourstudyrevealedasignificant24%increaseintheriskofexperiencingmultipleemergency departmentcontactsforasthmaforeverylog-unitoftrafficexposure.Thisstudyprovidessupportforthe hypothesisthattrafficrelatedairpollutionincreasesthefrequencyofhealthservicecontactsforasthma.Thisstudy usedadvancedGIStechniquestoestablishtraffic-weightedbufferzonesaroundthegeocodedresidentiallocation ofsubjectstoprovideanaccurateassessmentofexposure