Use of Automatic Target Recognition System for the Displacement Measurements in a Small Diameter Tunnel Ahead of the Face of the Motorway Tunnel During Excavation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Use of Automatic Target Recognition System for the Displacement Measurements in a Small Diameter Tunnel Ahead of the Face of the Motorway Tunnel During Excavation 英文参考文献.doc

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Use of Automatic Target Recognition System for the Displacement Measurements in a Small Diameter Tunnel Ahead of the Face of the Motorway Tunnel During Excavation 英文参考文献

Sensors 2008, 8, 8139-8155; DOI: 10.3390/s8128139 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Use of Automatic Target Recognition System for the Displacement Measurements in a Small Diameter Tunnel Ahead of the Face of the Motorway Tunnel During Excavation Jure Klop?i? *, Toma? Ambro?i?, Ale? Marjeti?, Sonja Bogatin, Bo?tjan Pulko and Janko Logar University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia E-Mails: tambrozi@fgg.uni-lj.si; amarjeti@fgg.uni-lj.si; sbogati@fgg.uni-lj.si; bpulko@fgg.uni-lj.si; jlogar@fgg.uni-lj.si * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jklopcic@fgg.uni-lj.si; Tel.: +386-1-47-68-526; Fax: +386-1-42-50-681 Received: 5 November 2008; in revised form: 5 December 2008 / Accepted: 9 December 2008 / Published: 10 December 2008 Abstract: During construction of the ?entvid tunnel a unique opportunity arose to measure the 3D displacements ahead of the motorway tunnel excavation face, since the exploratory tunnel was already constructed in the axis of the main tunnel. According to reviewed literature such measurements had not been performed yet and several problems regarding equipment and complete scheme of the experiment needed to be overcome. The paper gives a brief description of the ?entvid tunnel project, presents significant factors that affected the choice of the geodetic equipment and describes the scheme of the experiment. A special attention is focused on the problems relating to the operation of the instrument in demanding environmental conditions (water, dust). Keywords: Exploratory tunnel; 3D displacement measurements; automatic target recognition (ATR). Sensors 2008, 8 8140 1. Introduction Construction of a tunnel or any other underground structure depends strongly on an observational method, especially if the structure is constructed under difficult geological conditions [1].