超级电容直流电源的研究.docVIP

摘 要 超级电容器具有优良的脉冲充电性能和大容量储能性能，因其存储能量大，质量轻，可多次充电而成为一种新型的储能装置，近年来受到科学研究人员的广泛重视。随着环保型电动汽车研究的兴起和发展，超级电容器与各类动力电池配合使用组成复合电池，应用于电动汽车的电源启动系统，在车辆的起步、加速、制动过程中起到保护蓄电池和节能的作用，或者直接作为电动车的电源。也可以为内燃机以及其它重型汽车发动机的启动系统提供瞬间的大电流。因此，其作为便携式设备的电源，应具有很良好的发展前景。 本文通过锂电池与超级电容的比较，发现锂电池的诸多缺点和不足。通过对超级电容的结构原理进行分析，构建了超级电容模型，验证了其作为电源的可行性。并依据超级电容的储能原理，电路模型等方面探讨超级电容的充电特性，并利用超级电容大电流充电的特点，搭建了超级电容直流电源的充电电路，通过实验平台的测试，其充电时间仅需10-15分钟即可。 而对于超级电容直流电源的升压的策略进行理论分析后，选用结构较为简单的Boost电路为主电路的电路拓扑结构，并对其进行验证仿真，并构建了实验室测试电路验证了此拓扑结构的可行性。在Boost电路的控制电路进行原理上的分析后，选用PID控制策略对主电路进行控制，并利用超级电容通过SP6641B芯片级联后构成将超级电容的电压稳定高效的从2.7V升压至5V的给控制电路进行供电的MCU电源电路。利用Matlab/Simulink工具包搭建了仿真模型并与其实物平台进行对比验证控制策略的可行性、高效性。 通过对仿真模型和实物平台的电压、电流等参数比较验证超级电容直流电源的可行性。 关键词：超级电容，Boost电路，PID控制，SP6641B，MCU电源，大电流充电 Abstract Super capacitor has excellent pulse charging performance and large-capacity storage performance. Because of storing great energy, light weight, and being recharged many times, it becomes a new type of energy storage device, which is extensive attention by scientific researchers in recent years. As the research of environmentally electric vehicles developments, super capacitor has been used in conjunction with composite battery for electric vehicle power-up system with various power batteries. While the vehicle starts, accelerates, and braking processes, it plays the role of protecting the battery and saving energy. Super capacitor also can be directly used as the power of the electric car, or providing instant big current for internal combustion engines and other heavy-duty vehicle engines in the starting system. Thus, it would have very good prospects for development as the power of the portable device. In this paper, comparing with the super capacitor, there are many shortcomings and deficiencies in the lithium battery. The super capacitor model has been constructed by analysis of the structural principle of the super capacitor. Then its feasibility as a power source has been verified. The charging circuit of super capacitor DC power system su