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Ego defense mechanisms in Pakistani medical students a cross sectional analysis.doc

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Ego defense mechanisms in Pakistani medical students a cross sectional analysis

Parekhetal.BMCPsychiatry2010,10:12 /1471-244X/10/12 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess EgodefensemechanismsinPakistanimedical students:acrosssectionalanalysis MariaAParekh1*,HinaMajeed2,TubaRKhan2,AnumBKhan2,SalmanKhalid2,NadiaMKhwaja2,RohaKhalid2, MohammadAKhan2,IbrahimMRizqui2,ImtiazJehan3 Abstract Background:Egodefensemechanisms(orfactors),definedbyFreudasunconsciousresourcesusedbytheegoto reduceconflictbetweentheidandsuperego,areareflectionofhowanindividualdealswithconflictandstress. ThisstudyassessestheprevalenceofvariousegodefensemechanismsemployedbymedicalstudentsofKarachi, whichisagroupwithhigherstresslevelsthanthegeneralpopulation. Methods:Aquestionnairebasedcross-sectionalstudywasconductedon682studentsfromfivemajormedical collegesofKarachiover4weeksinNovember2006.EgodefensemechanismswereassessedusingtheDefense StyleQuestionnaire(DSQ-40)individuallyandasgroupedunderMature,Immature,andNeuroticfactors. Results:LowermeanscoresofImmaturedefensemechanisms(4.78)wereidentifiedthanthoseforNeurotic(5.62) andMature(5.60)mechanismsamongmedicalstudentsofKarachi.Immaturemechanismsweremorecommonly employedbymaleswhereasfemalesemployedmoreNeuroticmechanismsthanmales.NeuroticandImmature defensesweresignificantlymoreprevalentinfirstandsecondyearstudents.Maturemechanismsweresignificantly higherinstudentsenrolledinGovernmentcollegesthanPrivateinstitutions(p0.05). Conclusions:ImmaturedefensemechanismswerelesscommonlyemployedthanNeuroticandMature mechanismsamongmedicalstudentsofKarachi.ThegreateremploymentofNeuroticdefensesmayreflectgreater stresslevelsthanthegeneralpopulation.Employmentofthesemechanismswasassociatedwithfemalegender, enrollmentinaprivatemedicalcollege,andstudentsenrolledinthefirst2yearsofmedicalschool. Background undoing, pseudo-altruism, idealization, reaction forma- Ego defense mechanisms (or factors) were defined for tion; (c) twelve immature: projection, passive aggres- the first time by Sigmund Freud as unconscious sion, acting out, isolation, devaluation,