非谓语动词--终极版.PPT.ppt

不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 (作主语和表语) To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语) You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语) She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。(不定式短语作定语) To /In order to do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具得用对。(不定式短语作目的状语) He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the first bus. (不定式短语作目的状语) I didnt expect you to arrive so early. 我没想到你来得那么早。(不定式短语作宾语补足语) 不定式的省略 ① 两个并列的不定式由and或or连接时，省略后面的不定式中的to。 如： I want to finish my homework and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：To be or not to be，that is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry. (表示对比) ② 句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides等后面的不带to。即“前有do，后省to”。如： He didnt do anything but complain. 在 cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but , could not but ,could not help but 的后面不带to , 它们的意思都是“只好，只有” ,如： He could not but walk home. / It’s raining hard, I cannot help but stay at home./ I cannot but admire his courage. 动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式之分，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1． 【误】 We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall. 【正】 We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall. 【正】 We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall. 【解析】 考查固定结构。allow doing sth.; allow sb. to do sth. 2． 【误】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. 【解析】 当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时， 此定语通常由不定式来充当。 3． 【误】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【解析】 being discussed表示动作正在进行，而根据at tomorrows meeting可判断动作发生在将来，故用to be discussed表示。 4． 【误】 This boy was seen come late this morning. 【正】 This boy was seen to come late this morning. 【解析】 see，watch等动词转换为被动结构时，其后不定式一般需要带to。 5． Ive been looking forward to hear from you. 【答案】 hear 改为hearing。 【解析】 短语look forward to中，to为介词，所以应用动名词作宾语。 6． He admitted to have