系统评价研究方案的撰写.pptVIP

2008-6-24 Developing a Protocolfor a Systematic Review 系统评价研究方案的撰写Approaches and examples A ‘systematic review’ aims to be: Systematic (e.g. in its identification of literature) Explicit (e.g. in its statement of objectives, materials and methods) Reproducible (e.g. in its methodology and conclusions Systematic review is research Begin with a Protocol A written plan for carrying out the review Why have a protocol? Reduce bias Access to peer review Framework for the review, rest of review follows Avoid duplication of effort Format of a Protocol Background背景 Objectives目标 Selection criteria 纳入排除标准 Search strategy检索策略 Methods 方法学 1. Background Why is this review important? How important is the problem? Is there uncertainty? Why do people think the intervention/health policy might work? Definition of key concepts 实例： 在中低收入国家，卫生筹资策略对卫生服务可及性的影响 2.Objectives Follow naturally from the background Main question(s) to be addressed in the review-should be very clear What are the questions? One primary question (outcome) Secondary questions (outcomes) 2.Objectives Example 在中低收入国家，卫生筹资策略对卫生服务可及性的影响 To assess the effectiveness of a range of financial mechanisms in improving access to care in low and middle income countries and where possible, health outcomes. 3. Selection Criteria Should be very clearly related to objectives Type of studies Type of participants Type of interventions Type of outcome measures Type of studies Depend on the research question SR of clinical intervention: evaluate benefits and harms SR of observational studies: describe problems or needs SR of policies or interventions: need an unbiased comparison Type of studies Types of study in this course For evidence of effectiveness Randomised controlled trials Quasi-experimental designs Controlled before and after studies Interrupted time series For descriptive SR More types of study designs Except opinion paper, letter, news, comment, editorial, methodological papers For explanation of w