重庆市缙云山黄芩属植物核型与`进化趋势探析.doc

重庆市缙云山黄芩属植物的核型及进化趋势分析 　　[摘要] 采用常规压片法，对缙云山国家级自然保护区4种黄芩属Scutellaria植物：缙云黄芩Stsinyunensis、岩藿香Sfranchetiana、韩信草Sindica和柳叶红茎黄芩Syunnanensis varsalicifolia的染色体进行核型分析，并与已报道的黄芩Sbaicalensis、阿拉善黄芩Salaschanica比较分析，以期为该属的起源与分化机制研究提供参考依据。结果显示除岩藿香的染色体为24条，其他3种黄芩属植物，染色体都为26条。4种植物都为二倍体植物，且染色体均为中部或近中部着丝点染色体，核型比较对称，属于较原始的类型。缙云黄芩的核型公式为：2n=2x=26=24m+2sm，核型为“1B”型，核型不对称系数为5528%；柳叶红茎黄芩的核型公式为：2n=2x=26=26m，核型为“1B”型，核型不对称系数为5611%；岩藿香的核型公式为：2n=2x=24=20m+4sm，核型为“2B”型，核型不对称系数为5850%；韩信草的核型公式为2n=2x=26=20m+6sm，核型为“2B”型，核型不对称系数为5841%。6种黄芩属植物中，阿拉善黄芩最为进化，缙云黄芩、柳叶红茎黄芩进化程度较低 [关键词] 黄芩属； 染色体； 核型分析； 进化趋势 Karyotype and evolutionary trend analysis of Scutellaria species in Jinyun mountain， Chongqing ZONG Xiuhong， DENG Hongping*， HUANG Qin， YANG Mou， LI Yunting （School of Life Sciences， Southwest University， Key Laboratory of Ecoenvrionments of Three Gores Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education， Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research for Three Gorges Reservoir Region， Chongqing 400715， China） [Abstract] Traditional squash method was used to analyze chromosome number and karyotypes of four Scutellaria species in Chongqing Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve： Scutellaria tsinyunensis， Syunnanensis， Sfranchetiana and SindicaThe result showed that the chromosome numbers were 26 except for Sfranchetiana， which had 24 chromosomesThese species were all diploid with metacentric and submetacentric chromosomesTheir karyotypes were symmetrical and primitiveThe karyotype formula of Stsinyunensis is 2n=2x=26=24m+2sm， 1B type， Ask=5528%； the karyotype formula of Syunnanensis varsalicifolia is 2n=2x=26=26m， 1B type， Ask=5611%； the karyotype formula of Sfranchetiana is 2n=2x=24=20m+4sm， 2B type， Ask=5850%； the karyotype formula of Sindica is 2n=2x=24=20m+4sm， 2B type， Ask=5841%The results were compared with the reported data of Sbaicalensis and SalaschanicaSalaschanica is expected to be the most advanced one whereas Stsinyunensis， and Syunnanensis var salicifolia primitiveThese r