脊柱腰段三维有限元模型的构建与分析.pdfVIP

摘要 摘要 目前，腰椎疾病已经成为我国的常见病和高发病，并且呈现出低龄化的趋势。 虽然近年来腰椎外科手术取得了很大的发展，但是由于腰椎本身的特点及其结构 的复杂性，手术的难度系数和危险系数依然很高。 人体脊椎的有限元仿真计算能够精确描述其在被施加集中力载荷后的应力应 变情况，进而帮助验证手术治疗结果的有效性。本文采用计算机三维可视化技术， 对脊柱腰段的应力应变情况进行了分析，从而为腰椎疾病的诊断和治疗提供科学 的度量数据。首先构建出脊柱腰段的三维模型，并在此基础上为腰椎 L3-L4 节建 立有限元体网格模型；然后详细讨论了三维空间中的弹性力学，给出了有限元应 力应变的计算方法；最后利用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟了正常情况和椎间盘突 出情况下椎体的受力情况，并分析了结果的准确性和有效性。 本课题得到国家自然科学基金项目“脊柱腰骶段的生物力学建模及手术评价 体系研究”（NO的支持。 关键词：脊柱 腰椎 有限元分析 应力 应变 关键词：脊柱 腰椎 有限元分析 应力 应变 关关键键词词：：脊脊柱柱 腰腰椎椎 有有限限元元分分析析 应应力力 应应变变 脊柱腰段三维有限元模型的构建与分析 Abstract Abstract Abstract AAbbssttrraacctt Lumbar vertebra disease has become common and incidental in our country, and the trend of the patients’ age becomes lower. In recent years, the surgical operation of spine has been improved greatly with the application of the graphics and image techniques of computer in the medical field. However, due to the complexity of the spinal characteristic and structure, the relevant operations are still difficult and at high risk. The finite element method can be used to simulate the stress and strain variation of human spine and verify the effectiveness of the relevant operation. In this paper, the stress and strain of lumbar vertebra is analyzed with the Computer-Visualization technology based on the vertebral medicine theory. It provides a scientific and applicable basis for the reliability of medical diagnosis and the security of treatment process. At first, the three-dimensional finite element model of lumbar L3-L4 segments is built on the basis of the three-dimensional model of lumbar. Then, the elasticity mechanics in the three-dimensional space is discussed, and the computing method of the stress and strain of the fini