蛋白质的后期加工-培训课件.pptVIP

Generic methods One method that will decompose any organic material to its basic constituents uses cold (non-equilibrium) oxygen ion plasmas. This converts the organic materials into carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen gas, nitrogen oxides, phosphorous oxides, sulfur dioxide, etc. Even basal graphite can be converted to carbon dioxide using this method. Another way uses chromerge (Cr2O6) in concentrated sulfuric acid. This is a common method to clean glassware used in organic and analytical chemistry. Another method for decomposing and disposing of any organic compound is burning it at high temperatures in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. This method is used for the disposal of deadly chemical weapons such as nerve gasses and mustard gas. This reduces it all to simple gaseous compounds, including water vapor, that are safe to release into the environment. Debate Whether prions are the agent which causes disease or merely a symptom caused by a different agent is still under debate. The following sections describe several contending hypotheses: Protein-only hypothesis Multi-component hypothesis Viral hypothesis Heavy metal poisoning hypothesis Protein-only hypothesis The protein-only hypothesis states that a protein structure can replicate without the use of nucleic acid. Evidence in favor of a protein-only hypothesis include: No virus particles, bacteria, or fungi have been conclusively associated with prion diseases No nucleic acid has been conclusively associated with infectivity; agent is resistant to degradation by nucleases No immune response to infection PrPSc experimentally transmitted between one species and another results in PrPSc with the amino-acid sequence of the recipient species, suggesting that replication of the donor agent does not occur Level of infectivity is associated with levels of PrPSc PrPSc and PrPC do not differ in amino-acid sequence, therefore a PrPSc-specific nucleic acid is a redundant concept Familial prion disease occurs in famili