chapter 9 翻译教程.pptVIP

Chapter 9---Translation and Culture 073010234 Ana Definition of culture Culture: the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression. Most “cultural” words are easy to detect, since they are associated with a particular language and cannot be literally translated. Cultural categories Ecology Material cultural (artefacts) Social culture Organizations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts Gestures and habits Ecology  Geographical features and other ecological features can be normally distinguished from other cultural terms in that they are usually value-free, politically and commercially. Example1: 中国西邻高山，东临海洋，因此“东风”比喻春天，象征着温暖。但在英国，东风确是从欧洲大陆北部吹来的，十分寒冷。而在英国人眼里，他们的西风就相当于中国的“东风”，是温暖、希望的象征。 英国人对西风的喜爱在雪莱的《西风颂》中表现得淋漓尽致，诗中有这么一句：“Oh the west wind. If winter comes, can spring be far behind.”（啊，西风！假如冬天已经来临，春天还会远吗？） Example2: Animal 落汤鸡 a drowned rat 蠢得像猪 as stupid as a goose 拦路虎 a lion in the way 吹牛 talk horse 牛饮 drink like a fish 害群之马 a black sheep 绝唱，归天之作 swan song Material Culture: Food terms are subject to the widest variety of translation procedures; clothes as cultural terms may be sufficiently explained for TL general readers if the generic noun or classifier is added. Example: Fruit Vegetable He’s got a very big mouth, a banana and a pair of black eyes. 他嘴巴大大的，长着一个鹰钩鼻， 一双乌黑发亮的眼睛。 The issue has become a political hot potato. 这一问题已成为一个棘手的政治 问题（烫手山芋）。 Organizations, customs, ideas The political and social life of a country is reflected in its institutional terms. Legal term Religious term Artistic term Example1: religion You can meet many good Samaritans in our university. “Samaritans”在《圣经》中是指“people who give sympathy and help to people in trouble(同情并援助苦难者的善人)”. 所以此句可译为“在我们学校，你可以见到许多乐于助人的人。” Example2: There was some real falsity when they came to treat the Goddess of Mercy as a fashion plate o