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英语句子成分及基本结构 (一)句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分有主语和谓语; 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)句子的具体成分 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。 1? The room is very clean. (名词) 2 We often speak English . (代词) 3 Eight is my lucky number. (数词) 4?To teach them English is my job.=Its my job to teach them English. (不定式) ?5 Swimming is good for our health. (动名词) 谓语(predicate) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: ?1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.?2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He can speak English. 表语(predicative) 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, turn ,look, sound, seem等)之后。 1 I am a teacher. (名词) 2 I am ten. (数词) 3 He became rich and successful. (形容词)? 4 Everyone is here. (副词) 5 They are at home now. ( 介词短语) 6 My job is to teach them English. (不定式)? 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词后 面。 1 He is playing the piano.(名词)?2 He often helps me.(代词)?3 He likes to watch TV. 4 He likes watching TV. 宾语补足语 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达对的意思相当于一个句子的意思。 1 We called him Dongming.(名词)2 We saw him playing soccer.(现在分词) 3 We saw him play soccer. (不定式)4 We found math difficult.(形容词) 5 Mom makes me studying all day. (现在分词) 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: 1 She is a beautiful city.(形容词)?2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代词)(名词) 3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介词短语) 4 I have something to say.( 不定式) 状语(adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: 1?Tom runs quickly.(副词) 2 Tom did it carefully.(副词) 3 Tom is very tall. (程度副词) 4 I get up at six every day.?5 I play soccer very well. 状语种类如下 1 ?We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.(地点状语)(时间状语)2 She didn’t go to the party because of the rain.(原因状语)3 Mr Smith lives in America.(地点状语)4 ?In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)5 ?He was so tired that he fell asleep
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