麐ā楂汯杯敄慰瑲敭-EndocrineSystem.pptVIP

Endocrine System Chp 13 Endocrine System: Regulates bodyfunctions with Hormones Hormones: Produced by endocrine glands [e.g. pituitary] Circulate in the blood stream Steroids - lipid soluble Nonsteroids - not lipid soluble Often interact with nervous system Act on specific cells [target cells] in the body Endocrine System Characteristics Access to every cell Each hormone acts only on specific target cells Target cells have receptors for specific hormones Endocrine control slower than nervous system Endocrine nervous systems interact Steroid Hormone Action on a Target Cell Classification of Hormones: Steroid Steroid Hormones: Lipid soluble, chemically derived from cholesterol Enter target cells Activate specific genes to produce specific proteins Slower acting than nonsteroid hormones, minutes to hours Nonsteroid Hormone Action on a Target Cell Classification of Hormones: Nonsteroid Nonsteroid hormones: Water soluble Bind to receptors on target cell membranes Work through intermediate mechanisms to activate existing enzymes Faster action than steroid hormones, seconds to minutes Role of Negative Feedback Loops Hypothalamus and the Posterior Pituitary Gland Posterior pituitary gland: Connection to hypothalamus: hormones made in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary Hormones: nonsteroidal operate here Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): conserves water in kidneys, regulates water balance in body Oxytocin: causes uterine contractions during labor milk ejection through neuroendocrine reflex Hypothalamus the Anterior Pituitary Gland Anterior pituitary gland: Connection to hypothalamus: releasing and inhibiting hormones from hypothalamus travel to pituitary through pituitary portal system Hormones: nonsteroidal operate here ACTH- stimulates adrenal cortex TSH- acts on thyroid gland FSH, LH, Prolactin- related to control of reproductive cycles and lactation Growth Hormone- widespread effects on body Pituitary Disorders Hypersecretion of ADH - excessive water retention D