翻译-the turns of translation studies.ppt

3.2.2 Gender-based Translation Studies caused by patriarchal hegemony Translation, in this theory of feminist discourse, is production, not reproduction, the mimesis which is ‘in the realm of music’ and which, by an ‘effect of playful repetition’ (…) makes visible the place of women’s exploitation by discourse. Pretensions to the production of a singular truth and meaning are suspended. 3.3 The positions of the reader Susan Bassnett quoted four essential positions of the reader 1. Where the reader focusses on the content as matter, i.e. picks out the prose argument or poetic paraphrase. 2. Where the reader grasps the complexity of the structure of a work and the way in which the various levels interact. 3. Where the reader deliberately extrapolates one level of the work for a specific purpose. 4. Where the reader discovers elements not basic to the genesis of the text and uses the text for his own purposes. (20023: 80, emphasis added) Model reader The model reader is one who achieves a particular understanding of the text as based on a reading strategy. This strategy aims at creating a complete scene (complete understanding) of a text, which partly results from his/her own activation of individual culture-specific scenes, but can also be triggered by previous expectations.) model reader= tranlator Chapter 4 The turns of the 1990s Two basic “turns” The first is a methodical one, resulting from the call for more empirical studies in both translation and interpreting. The second was caused from without, by the breathtaking developments in technology and in the globalization process, which together radically changed the job profile of translators (4.2.1) and, in part, of interpreters too (4.1.1). 4.1 The empirical turn New fields of interpreting studies 1)conference interpreting(simultaneous interpreting) 2)Community interpreting 3)Hospital interpreting 4) Interpreting for the deaf and hard of hearing 5) Court interpreting Empirical studies in translati