論殷卜辞中的「」字为成汤之「成」兼論「」「」为咸字說.PDFVIP

中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊 第七十七本，第一分 出版日期：民國九十五年三月 論殷卜辭中的「 」字為成湯之「成」 ──兼論「 」「 」為咸字說 蔡哲茂* 殷卜辭出土之後，大乙、唐很快地被考釋出即〈殷本紀〉的天乙與湯，卜辭做 人名與地名的成字與金文合，但沒有人注意人名的成即成湯之成。由於卜辭有咸 戊，即文獻中的巫咸，又有人名的「咸」 ，因此早期學者誤以為「咸」為咸戊的省 稱。自陳夢家將卜辭從戌從丁的「 」與從戌從口的「 」一分為二，一指咸，一 指成，甲骨學者從之者眾，因此有人主張「 」與「 」俱為成湯之成，甚至有人 力主成湯之成為「 」非「 」。本文從字形分析，剖析卜辭之「 」為成湯之 成，「 」與「 」俱為咸字 ，亦指成湯，而前賢謂《尚書‧酒誥》及《禮記‧緇 衣》的「湯咸」，即卜辭中指成湯之「咸」，是可信的。 關鍵詞：成 咸 尚書酒誥 島邦男 殷虛卜辭綜述 * 中央研究院歷史語言研究所 -1- 蔡哲茂 On Reading the Shang Oracle Bone Graph as the Character “Cheng” 成 as in “Cheng Tang” 成湯 with a Discussion of the Characters and as the Character “Xian” 咸 Che-Mao Tsai Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica After the Shang oracle bones were unearthed, it was not long before the characters “Dayi” 大乙 and “Tang” 唐 were taken to be the characters “Tianyi” 天乙 and “Tang” 湯 from the “Yinbenji” 殷本紀. The character “Cheng” 成, used in people and place names within oracle bone inscriptions, is exactly the same as the graph found on bronze inscriptions. Yet no one has noticed that the graph “Cheng” used in people’s names is in fact the character “Cheng” as in “Cheng Tang” 成湯. As the name “Xianwu” 咸戊 (巫咸 in later texts) appears on the oracle bones, as does the name “Xian” 咸, early scholars mistakenly assumed that “Xian” was an abbreviation for the regional toponym “Xianwu.” Chen Mengjia treated and as two separate characters that had evolved from a single more p