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Journal of Sino-Western Communications (ISSN 1946-6188), Volume I, Issue 1 (December, 2009) The development of Chinese picto-phonetic characters and cognitive mechanisms Zang, Kehe (Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China) ABSTRACT: When Chinese characters developed to “regular script” (kaishu), the picto-phonetic structure became the leading type in practice. Based on the statistics from the current dictionaries, among all Chinese characters, picto-phonetic characters account for more than 90%. Jade Articles (玉篇 ）was the eldest “regular script” dictionary that has some preserved remnants. It was originally composed in the Southern Dynasty (420–589 C.E.). Jade Articles supplemented 714 characters that are not found in Explanation of Articles and Words (说文解字), of them, 676 are picto-phonetic. This equals to 94.7% of all supplemented characters. The main reason for the choice of picto-phonetic structure is not to preserve the picto-phonetic functions of the “regular script”, but to maintain their distinctive structure, so that it is more convenient for it to be cognitively classified and identified. KEYWORDS: picto-phonetic structure; graphic distinction; character classification 1 Journal of Sino-Western Communications (ISSN 1946-6188), Volume I, Issue 1 (December, 2009) 形声发展与认知机制① 上海交通大学 臧克和 摘要：汉字发展到楷字，形声结构成为选择使用的基本类型。据现行字书加以统计，形声结 构所占比重超过 90%以上。根据中国现存第一部楷书字典——南朝原本《玉篇》残卷的统 计，该本所著录不见于《说文》的“新增”部分为 714 个，其中形声结构的字共有 676 个， 占新增字总数的 94.7%。楷字选择倾向于形声结构，与其说是顽强保留标音示意功能，毋宁 说主要是维护楷字结构区别性原则，以及由此带来认知机制上归类识别的方便。 关键词：形声结构、文字区别、字形归类 一、形声结构的历史发展 汉字系统各个阶段的形声结构究竟占到多少比重，该领域的调查统计与汉字认知研究关 系很大。以往有关调查研究项目也已经给出了一些数据，但是，基于历史汉字资源库的统计 对比，就不难发现其中存在的若干出入。 《说文解字》（以下采取简称，其他字汇同）之前的各种类型的古文字资料，由于存在 大量未能释读和分析的部分，所以