螨类休眠体的发育与治理.pdfVIP

昆 虫 学 报 Acta Entomologica Sinica，December 2007，50(12)：1293—1299 ISSN 0454—6296 螨类休眠体的发育与治理 张曼丽，范青海 (福建农林大学生物农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室，福州 350002) 摘要：休眠体是螨类抵御不良环境并借助携播者进行传播的特殊形式，许多非痒螨股的无气门目螨类都有此现象。 休眠体形成和解除由遗传因素决定，也受到一种或多种环境因素的影响，如温度、湿度、营养和密度等，但各种因素 对不同的螨类所起的作用不同；环境与遗传基因的相互作用是决定休眠体形成与解除的关键。一些易形成休眠体 的螨类是生产和生活中的重要害虫，它们表皮构造特殊、个体微小，给防治和检疫工作造成了很大困难。为此，本 文对休眠体的发生、传播、生长发育和防治等方面的研究概况进行了回顾。 关键词：螨；休眠体；发育；携播；环境因素；遗传因素；防治 中图分类号：Q965 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0454—6296(2007)12—1293—07 The development of mite hypopi(Acari)and their control ZHANG Man-Li，FAN Qing-Hal (Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology，Ministry of Education，College of Plant Protection，Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350002，China) Abstract： Hypopi are specialized forms of non-Psoroptidia astigmatid mites that may occur between protonymphal and tritonymphal stages． They are produced to resist the worsening habitat or adverse environmental conditions and to disperse by means of other animals．Their formation and molting are determined by genetic factors and influenced by one or more environmental factors such as temperature，relative humidity，nutrition and density，whose effects differ from species to species．The interaction of genetic and environmental factors plays a key role in the process．Many of these mites are closely related to our lives and have brought difficulties to manage and quarantine due to their highly scleritized cuticle and small size．In view of the importance of the special stage，herein we comprehensively review the research progress in the occu~ence，dispersal，formation，molting and control of the hypopi． Key words：Acari；hypopus；development；phoresy；environmental factors；genetic factors；control 蜱螨亚纲(Acari)无气门目(Astigmata)的一些螨 休眠体(inert hypopus)两类。大部分休眠体是活动 类在发