情态动词和虚拟语气 文档.docVIP

高中英语情态动词及虚拟语气的复习 (2008-04-14 16:32:20) 转载▼ 标签： 英语 虚拟语气 情态动词 教育 ? 情态动词 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面直接跟动词原形. 助动词有: have, has, had, do, does, did, done, shall, should, will, would 情态动词主要有:can, could, may, might, must, have to, had better, need, dare, shall, should, will, would, ought to 各情态动词的用法: Can, could,be able to 1.?????? 表能力.此时can 可以与be able to互换, 但当叙述过去经过一番努力成功做到了某事,不可用could,只能用 was(were) able to Eg: He could (was able to) swim when he was six years old. He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. 2. 表可能,能够 I’m sorry. I can’t do that. 对不起,我不能做那事. 3. 表允许,许可. 此时,(can=may, can’t=must not, ?could=might); could还可提出委婉的请求. 4.表推测, 常用于否定和疑问句.这种情况下, can, could没有时态上的区别,只表示可能性的大小,can 比could可能性大. ? May,might的用法 1. 表请求许可(否定为must not) 2. 表没有把握的推测(一般用于肯定句中) 3.may放在句首表祝愿 4. may/might 构成的短语 May/might as well+动词原形,意为”不妨” Eg: If that is the case, we may as well try. may well+ 动词原形? 表”理所当然” Eg: You may well say so. 你有足够的理由这样说. may as well + 动词原形 + as +动词原形? 与其…..不如….. Eg: You might as well throw your money away as lend it to him. ? must, have to 1.?????? 两词都有”必须”的意思, have to 表客观的需要, must 表主观要求. My brother was very ill, so I have to call the doctor in the middle of the night. He said they must work hard.(表主观要求) have to 有人称, 数和时态的变化, 而must只有一种形式. 否定结构中: don’t have 表”不必” ; must not表”禁止” 2.?????? 表肯定的推测 ? will, would的用法 would like to do sth= want to do sth 想要做某事 Will you …? Would you …? 表肯定含义的劝说,疑问句中一般用some,而不用any. Eg: Would you like to have some cake? ? ,ought to 和should的用法 1.?????? ought to: 应该, 表道义上的责任 should: 应该, 从说话人的角度来看,某人应该做某事. eg: You are her mother you ought to look after her. We should encourage him for we are his classmates. ? need 和dare的用法 1.?????? 两词都既可做情态动词又可做实义动词.作情态动词时,两者都只用于疑问句,否定句和条件句; 作实义动词时need后接动词需加to, 而dare作实义动词时后面可直接跟动词原形. 2.?????? need doing sth 表被动含义, 相当于need to be done.(此时为实义动词) 同样的requir, worth后面接doing也可表示被动. The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned. ? 情态动词表推测的用法: can,could, may, might, must都可表示推测,用法如下: 1): 情态动词+动词原形:?? 表示对现在或将来情况的推测. I don’t