情态动词与虚拟语气讲解及练习题应用.docVIP

情态动词一. 含义和特征 1. 含义: 情态动词是表示情态意义的动词, 它表示说话人的语气和情态, 它不能单独作谓语, 必须与实义动词一起构成谓语, 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 2. 特征:有词义但不完整, 不能单独作谓语, 要跟实意动词或系动词的原形作谓语。除have to外, 可适用于各种人称和数。有些情态动词有过去式。 二. 基本用法 1. can/ could和be able to can/ could表示能力, 这时could 为can 的过去时。I can climb the cliff. He can drive a car. We could sing the song when I was young. 表示许可。You can sit here. The plane can take off now. 在疑问句中could比can委婉, 回答用can。Can/ Could I come here tomorrow? Yes, you can. 表示“有时候可能会”。Even an experienced teacher can make a mistake. To stay here could be better. 表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测、不肯定或不耐烦等，主要用于否定句, 疑问句或感叹句中。The story can’t be true. How could you be so careless! Where can he go? cannot…too/ enough意为无论怎么…也不过分, 越…越好。You cannot be too careful. You cannot remember enough English words.can和be able to都表示能力, 意思上没多大区别。can只有can和could两种形式, 而be able to则有am/ is/ are/ was/ were able to, will/ shall be able to, have/ has/ had been able to等形式。表示当过去成功地完成某一具体动作时, 通常用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to do sth./ succeeded in doing sth., 而could只表示过去的一般能力。He was able to translate the book into English without a dictionay. The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. 但用于否定句中, 两者无区别。He couldn’t / wasn’t able to play the piano when he was at school. 2. may/ might 表示询问或允许。You may stay here as long as you like. You may sit down. 在疑问句中might比may委婉。May/Might I ask you a question? Yes, you may/ can. May/Might I use your pen? No, you may not./ No, you mustn’t.“may+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿。May all your dreams come true!may/ might well意为能/ 很可能，may/ might as well意为最好/ 倒不如。He may well be proud of his son. Her appearance changed so much that you might well not recognize her. You may as well stay here.may be与maybe的区别。He may be over twenty years old. Maybe he is over twenty years old. 3. must 表示必须，主观看法，没有时态变化。You must study hard. You must get up early. mustn’t表示禁止做某事,意思为禁止/ 不许。We mustn’t waste our time. You mustn’t smoke here. 回答 must 提问时, 否定用neednt/ don’t have to。Must I start at once ? Yes, you must. No,