情态动词定稿.doc

情态动词 一．情态动词的分类 can, may, might, could, would, will, shall, must, should, ought to, used to 二．情态动词的语法特征 1. 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 2. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 三．情态动词的基本用法 1. can (could) 1) 表示能力，could主要指过去时间。例如： ① Two eyes can see more than one. ? 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 ② Could the girl read before she went to school? ? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 注意：can(could)和be able to 的区别： 在将来时和完成时常应该用be able to I’m sure we shall be able to get you a job soon. He has been able to get up on time. ② 表示经过努力并成功做成某事，只用be able to After years of hard work he was able to win the prize. ③ be able to 做谓语时，主语通常是人，且一般不用于被动语态 The weather was able to clear up.× The fire was not able to be put out. × 2) 表示可能,常用于否定句和疑问句。(肯定句中常用must/may/might)例如：~,_K ① He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. ?他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 ② Can he be a doctor? (He must/may/might be a doctor. 表可能程度由大到小) 3) 表示允许。（may 英语正式场合）例如： ① Can I have a look at your new pen? ? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ ② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 4) 表示某人、某物一时的特点，“有时会” He is kind, but he can be very rude at times. 5)表惊异、不满、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如： ① She is always complaining. What can satisfy her? ② How can you be so careless? ? 你怎么这么粗心？ 6) 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。例如： ① Could you lend me a hand? （注：could在此句中不是过去式）? 帮我一把好吗？. ② I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. ?恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2．may (might) 1) 表允许，比较正式。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。例如： Students may not bring reference books into the examination room. 在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 --May I come in? -- Yes, please. 2) 表可能 He may be at home. ? 3）表祝愿 May our friendship live long. (注：在该句型中，动词用原形) 4）用于让步状语从句中 Whoever he may be , he should obey the law. 5 may well (have good reason to do sth) 有足够的道理… He may well be proud of his son , who was admitted to a famous university last year. may (might) as well 表建议或劝说 “还不如，不妨” It is very late , so you may (might) as wel