技术追赶背景下中外技术学习及竞争博弈.docVIP

技术追赶背景下中外技术学习及竞争博弈摘 要：后发国家技术追赶历程可以描述为追赶企业、领先企业及后发国家政府之间多主体、多阶段的博弈。具体过程包括“结对学习”与“结对竞争”、二次“深度学习”与“多重竞争”的两个承接阶段。本文通过构建博弈模型及我国大型风电设备制造产业的案例分析，揭示了追赶企业、领先企业如何依据二者技术势差、追赶企业的学习速度、市场机遇进行行动策略选择；也揭示了后发国家政府根据领先企业的转移意愿、领先企业之间达成技术保守联盟的情况，如何适时调整产业政策。 关键词：技术追赶；技术学习；博弈分析 中图分类号：F270；F062.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5192(2011)04-0001-07 Research on Sino-foreign Technology Learning and Competition Game in Catch-up Stage: Case Study of Large-scale Wind Power Equipment Manufacture Industry in China XU Yu-sen (School of Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China) Abstract:The progress of developing country industry?s technological catch-up is multi-stage game among catch-up enterprises, leading enterprises and the government of developing country. The process of game is divided into two consecutive phases of “learning in a group” and “completing in a group”, as well as “deep learning” and “multiple completing”. Through constructing game models and analyzing evolution progress of large-scale wind power equipment manufacture industry in China, it reveals under the guidance of the government?s industrial policy about leading enterprises and catch-up enterprises how to select each action tactics based on the technical gap, the learning speed of catch-up enterprises, market opportunities. Meanwhile, it also shows the government?s action tactics about how to adjust industrial policy timely according to the transfer will of leading companies and the technologic alliance between the leading enterprises. Key words:technologic catching-up; technologic learning; game analysis 1 引言 我国企业同发达国家的世界级企业相比，技术水平还存在着明显的差距，大部分企业尚处于技术追赶阶段。引进、消化吸收领先企业的技术，切实开展技术学习和积累，渐进实现赶超是追赶企业的现实选择。许多学者的理论研究及产业发展现实表明，后发国家技术追赶历程实质是追赶企业、领先企业及后发国家政府之间的多阶段博弈。在博弈过程中，各自行动策略选择的基本规律已经成为值得考察的理论及现实问题。 2 文献综述 技术追赶所涉及的主要角色包括追赶企业、领先企业、后发国家（东道国）政府。领先企业往往居于强势地位，后发国家政府作为产业政策的制定者往往居于先动者的角色，有关领先企业行为的研究，国外学者相对关注较多。早在七、八十年代，Teece、Mansfiel和Romeo、Ramachandran研究了国际技术转移成本对技术转移行为的影响［1~3］。进一步地，Wan