虚拟语气的特殊用.ppt

?下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构： ①与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were／谓语动词的过去式”。 ???If I were you，I shouldn’t do that． 如果我是你，就不会做那件事了。 We would go with you if we had time． 如果我们有时间的话，就和你一道去了。 We could ask him if he were here． 如果他在这儿，我们就可以问他了。 ②与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。 ?If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it 如果昨天他见到你，他就会问你那件事了。 If you had come earlier，you would have met him． 如果你早点儿来，就会遇到他了。 ?1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number． 如果我知道你的电话号码，就打电话给你了。 ③表示将来不太可能实现的条件， ?其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式／were to+动词原形／should+动词原形”。 ?例如：If he came tomorrow, he would find me in the schoo1． 如果他明天来的话，会在学校找到我。 If it should rain，the crops would be saved． 如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。 If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out． 如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。 注：在if从句中，如果含有“were，should，had’’时，可省去if而将“were，should，had’’置于句首，构成倒装句。 ??Were l in your position，1 would go． 如果我处在你的位子上，我就走了。 Had you arrived five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off． 如果你早到五分钟，你就可以给他们送行了。 Should he come, tell him to ring me up． 如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。 2．在目的状语从句中 ①在由lest和in case等引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。 ?例如：He ran away lest he (should) be seen．他跑走了，以免被人看到。 She explained again and again in case he (should)misunderstand her． 她解释了一遍又一遍，以免他误解她。 in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。 此时，从句表示的就是真实情况，而不是虚拟情况。 Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold． 带上厚衣服，以防天气变冷。 ②在由“so that…”和“in order that…”引导的目的从句中，要用“can／could／may／might／would+动词原形”，以表示目的并非事实。 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might／could take care of her sick mother． 她在家呆了几天，以便照顾她生病的母亲。 ③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中，用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may／might／would)。例如： He worked hard for fear that he should fail． 他努力学习，害怕考试不及格。 3．在方式状语从句中 由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中，如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的，则 ①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相反；如果是BE动词，则用were； ②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。 ?She loves the child as if he were her own． ?她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。?(实际上不是她亲生的孩子) Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist． 他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过，就像他们不存在似的。 (实际上他们是存在的) ??He speaks