语法-3-复合从句篇.docxVIP

四、复合从句从句定义：在句子中可担任副词、形容词、名词等成分，为主句提供更多信息。但尽管从句含有主语和动词，不能独立存在，必须依赖主句才能表达完整的概念或意义。从句通常由从属连词或关系代词引导，构成复合句。从句分类：名词性从句、定语从句（形容词从句）、状语从句（副词从句）。名词性从句定语从句一、定义从句及相关术语1. 定语从句：在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。2. 关系词的分类：按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有where, when, why等。3. 定语从句的分类：根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度，定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。二、关系词的用法1. who指人，在从句中做主语。e.g. The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。e.g. The man whom you met just now is my friend.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。e.g. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。e.g. The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises 5%.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?This is the book that/which you want.5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。e.g. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替e.g. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.6. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(4) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：①含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)②若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)③“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He