非谓语动词3.pptVIP

非谓语动词 分词 现在分词与过去分词. 充当成分: 宾语补足语,表语, 定语, 状语. 现在分词作状语 现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果, 让步、伴随或方式等状语。 1)作时间状语, 可以表示三个时间概念 A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于 “as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句 Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. = As soon as he heard the good news, he … = On hearing the good news, he… C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如: Having done his homework, the boy went out to play. Having written his composition, he began to do his Maths homework. B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。 Having seen the film many times, he didn’t go to see it last night. 4)作让步状语,相当于由 although/though 引导的让步状语从句 Although/Though getting up early, he was late for the meeting. = Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting. 6)作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。 The mother died, leaving five children behind. They fired at the enemy, killing two. 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。 ①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。 ②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。 ③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的 主语。 （二）过去分词 (1).过去分词的语法形式 过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。(done) 1.过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态。如， He is gone. The glass is broken. He was lost in thought. They were deeply moved. 注意:被动结构与系表结构的区别 这两种结构形式都是be+过去分词。 这两种结构的主要区别是:被动语态强调所发生的动作,而系表结构表示的是主语的特点或状态。 The cup was broken by my little brother. (被动结构) The cup is broken. (系表结构) 2.过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语, 它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词,有以下三个特点 : A.及物动词的过去分词作定语和它的逻辑主语的关系是被动的。所表示的时间概念是完成。 The building built last year can hold 1,000 people= The building that was built last year can… B.不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成。与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系。 fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen a retired worker=a worker who has retired the risen sun=the sun that has risen C.有些表示心理活动的过去分词作定语,表面是修饰它后面的名词,但实质是说明当事者的心理状态。所以过去分词与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系。 The surprised look showed that he hadn’t expected this. = (He was surprised and his look showed his surprise) The father’s loud voice made a frightened look appear on his daughter’s face. (The father’s daughter was frightened and her face showed her fright.) 3. 过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语的关系是被动关系,说明宾语的状态,表示动作的完成。常用来 作感官动词, 如: