高中英语必修2 unit3 Grammar.ppt

当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。 People believe that he is an honest boy. → 方法1) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。 The boy is believed to be an honest one. It is believed that he is an honest boy. 方法2) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句； We all think that we could win the game. We are thought to win the game. It is thought that we could win the game. * The Present Perfect Passive Voice Unit 3 Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的被动语态 Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voice The structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has ＋ been＋~ed 1. 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为： have / has + been + done The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。 现在完成时被动语态的否定式为： have / has + not + been + done Tom’s novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。 现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have / has提到主语的前面。 Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗？ 现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词 + have / has + been + done Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请？ 注意: 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed. 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被 动语态。如： [误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. (2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出 者时常用主动语态。 3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词 或副词。如： The patients have been taken good care of. 4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思， 则需改换动词或时态。如： My brother has had (不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought? (1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2) 把谓语变成被动结构 (be＋过去分词) 　 (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。　 主动语态变被动语态的方法 (3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。 　 All the people laughed at him. 　 He was laughed at by all th