数字信号处理 DSP 英文版课件3.1-3.4.ppt

* * Chapter 3 Discrete-Time System 3.1 Input/Output Rules 3.2 Linearity and Time Invariance 3.3 Impulse Response 3.4 FIR and IIR Filters 3.5 Causality and Stability In this chapter: 3.1 Input/Output Rules Discrete-time system (离散时间系统): A processor that transforms an input sequence of discrete-time samples x(n) into an output sequence y(n) , according to some input/output rules. Sample-by-sample processing (逐个样本处理) form： Block processing (块处理) form: y is longer than x by 2 samples --- input-off transients Example 3.1.4：Sample-by-sample processing form y(n)=2x(n)+3w1(n)+4w2(n) (1) w2(n+1)=w1(n) （2） w1(n+1)=x(n) （3） state-space representation (状态空间表示) w1(n), w2(n) : internal state (1) ---- output equation (2),(3) ---- state updating equation (状态更新方程) y(n)=2x(n)+3w1(n)+4w2(n) (1) w2(n+1)=w1(n) （2） w1(n+1)=x(n) （3） 3.2 Linearity and Time Invariance ? ● Linearity (线性) ● Time invariance (时不变性) ● Causality (因果性，Section 3.5) ● Stability (稳定性，Section 3.5) 均是系统的性质，对所有输入输出序列对都成立。 A linear system has the property that the output signal due to a linear combination （线性组合）of two or more input signals can be obtained by forming the same linear combination of the individual outputs. 线性系统满足叠加原理： 系统对任意二个(多个)输入的线性组合的响应等于系统对这二个输入各自响应的同样的线性组合. Linear system: 提示： 非线性系统可通过反例（counterexample）判定 。 线性系统要从定义来验证。 时不变系统的参数、功能不随输入到来的时刻 n 而变化. Time-invariant system: A system that remains unchanged over time. An Example: System: y(n)=x(2n), Delay D=30 for linear and time-invariant system 完全表征LTI系统特性 （Causal）IIR Filter： IIR filtering equation: (3.4.3) Examples 3.1.1~3.1.16: Various discrete-time systems. Examples 3.1.2~3.1.4: 用不同形式描述具有同样I/O关系的系统 Example 3.1.2：Difference equation form (差分方程形式 ) A w