罗宾斯《组织行为学》12版 OB12_02 个体行为的基础.ppt

Ability, Intellect, and Intelligence Dimensions of Intellectual Ability Physical Abilities Nine Physical Abilities The Ability-Job Fit Biographical Characteristics Learning Theories of Learning Theories of Learning (cont’d) Theories of Learning (cont’d) Theories of Learning (cont’d) Types of Reinforcement Positive reinforcement Providing a reward for a desired behavior Negative reinforcement Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs Punishment Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior Extinction Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to cause its cessation Schedules of Reinforcement Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) Behavior Modification Chapter Check-up: Reinforcement Theory When professors give random pop quizzes or take random attendance, students often complain that they are adults, old enough to make their own decisions, and should therefore not be required to come to class. How do you reconcile this argument with what we know about reinforcement theory? Discuss with a classmate. Chapter Check-up: Reinforcement Theory Recall and write down the three criteria that indicate learning has occurred. Do you think that learning, according to these criteria, really occurs as a result of a one semester college class? Discuss with a neighbor. Chapter TWO Ability An individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job Intellectual Ability The capacity to do mental activities Multiple Intelligences Intelligence contains four subparts: cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural Number aptitude Verbal comprehension Perceptual speed Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Spatial visualization Memory E X H I B I T 2–1 Physical Abilities The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics Other Factors Body coordination Balance Stamina Str