英美概况 American Economy.ppt

American Economy Industrial Revolution the seeds of industrial growth:the first Secretary of the Treasury,Alexander Hamilton ,persuaded Congress to establish a protective tariff. five developments: 1.Introduction of the factory system the first factory the northeastern region 2.“American system” of mass production the cotton gin make guns with machinery moving assembly line scientific management 3. Application of new technologies to industrial tasks. the textile industry 4.Emergency of new forms of business organization. the first American commerical bank bank system the corporation 5.Construction of railroads beginning 1830s greatest thrust 1862 increased business activities and the spread of settlements created a growing demand for coal,iron and steel. Free Enterprise the economic freedom of capitalism Individuals started enterprises with money borrowed from others the selling of stock,or shares the New York Stock Exchange buy stock is a risk. Not all buinesses sell stock. Many problems accompanied the development of industrial capitalism: Immigration and rapid growth of American cities led to large population seeking jobs Factory owners exploited workers- low wages, long working hours, unsafe and unhealthy working conditions The roots of Affluence factors for successes of American business and industry rapid growth: supply a steady stream of workers ,but not so fast to overwhelm the capacity of the economy. promote a remarkable mobility in the American population free-market institutions American Agriculture heart of American experience rolling fields of wheat,corn,soybeans and other crops. Agriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic life, accounting for a larger portion of the United States’ GNP than any other endeavor. be extolled the