飞机设计导论-第7讲.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering Lecture7: Design case studies Xu Weiqiang (徐伟强) Ph.D. 2011 Introduction to Aircraft Design Outline Case1: the 1903 Wright flyer 1 School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering Case2: the DOUGLAS DC-3 2 Case3: the LOCKHEED-MARTIN F-16 3 School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering Case1: the 1903 Wright flyer The first sustained flight of a manned powered aircraft is truly one of the turning-points in human history. They followed the steps of the design method faithfully and methodically, making many iterations through the design cycle, and successively solving each of the problems they encountered. Defining the problem(s) They initially framed the problem by stating the fact that various types of animals and insects were able to fly with apparent ease, and that they believed that with the right combination of knowledge, skill, and technology, man could be enabled to do the same. Case1: the 1903 Wright flyer They broke it down into many sub-problems: School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering How to shape wings so that they generated lift when moved through the air with minimum drag penalty. Camber Location of maximum camber Thickness to airfoils Aspect ratio Planform shape Structure Monoplane Biplane Triplane Engine/propeller propulsion system Case1: the 1903 Wright flyer They believed that solving the problems of stability and control was the key to successful manned flight. School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering What kind of control surfaces and mechanisms to use How to transmit the engine power to the propellers Gathering Information The spark: Otto Lilienthal, a German scientist and flight pioneer, and at the time the world’s most experienced glider builder and pilot. Chanute provided the Wrights with considerable encouragement, some equipment, and a great deal of (often unwanted) advice. Case1: the 1903 Wright flyer The Wrights also wrote t