血液【血液科】.ppt

chapter 3 blood blood Blood is that part of extracellular fluid within the cardiovascular system function： (1) transportation; (2) pH value buffer and maintenance of homeostasis; (3) temperature or thermal maintenance; (4) immunity and defence and protection (5) physiologic hemostasis sort： （65~85g/L） ? albumin (40~48 g/L) produced by the liver ? globulin (15~30 g/L) α1、α2 、β、γ ? fibrinogen function： (1) transportation, (2) nutrition, (3) forming colloid osmotic pressure, (4) coagulation and anticoagulation, (5) pH value buffer, (6) immunity (globulin) specific gravity: total blood (1.050-1.060) more influenced by red blood cells; plasma (1.025-1.030) more influenced by plasma protein; RBC (1.090-1.092) more influenced by Hb. viscosity: Blood relative viscosity (4~5) mainly depends on the numbers of red blood cells. Plasma relative viscosity (1.6~2.4) is mainly involved in plasma protein pH 7.35--7.45 buffer system osmotic pressure crystal osmotic pressure colloid osmotic pressure pH = 7.35~7.45 acids in the blood the lungs aid acid the kidneys participate in acid buffer system ?plasma：NaHCO3 / H2CO3 = 27:1.35 = 20:1，Na-Pro / Pro、 Na2HPO4 / NaH2PO4 ? RBC：K-Hb / Hb、K-HbO2 / HbO2、K2HPO4 / KH2PO4、KHCO3 / H2CO3 plasma osmotic pressure is 300 mmol/L or 770kPa crystal osmotic pressure results from NaCl and modulates water distribution between inside and outside of cells. isosmotic solution：solution osmotic pressure equal plasma osmotic pressure (0.85％NaCl、 5% Glucose 、1.9%urea). isotonic solution：it can maintain normal cubage and form of RBC. (0.85％NaCl 、 5% Glucose ). colloid osmotic pressure results from albumin and regulates water distribution between inside and outside of capillary. ghost cell： hemopoietic microenvironment(造血微环境) 造血干细胞定居、存活、增殖、分化和成熟的场所。 ?造血组织内的stromal cell(基质细胞) ?组成：成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、外膜细胞、单核细胞、吞噬细胞、 成骨细胞、破骨细胞 ?