植物印迹基因研究进展 - 遗传.pdf

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2010 12 , 32(12): 1232―1240 ISSN 0253-9772 综述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2010.01232 植物印迹基因研究进展 张丽更, 杨若飞, 付凤玲, 李晚忱 , 625014 印迹基因的表达受表观机制调控, 依据其亲本来源在植物胚乳中表现为单等位基因表达的特殊模式。这 些基因在调控胚及其附属结构的发育、控制种子的大小、生殖隔离以及防止无性生殖上发挥着关键作用。随着 植物表观遗传学研究的不断深入, 目前对于印迹基因的探索已逐渐成为表观遗传学研究的热点。文章介绍了关 于印迹基因起源的亲本冲突学说, 并以拟南芥的MEA 、FIS2 、FWA 、MPC 、PHE1 , 玉米的FIE1 、FIE2 等重要 印迹基因为例, 阐述了有关植物印迹基因的表达调控机制及最新研究进展。 印迹基因; 亲源效应; 胚乳; 亲本冲突假说 Imprinted genes in plants ZHANG Li-Geng, YANG Ruo-Fei, FU Feng-Ling, LI Wan-Chen Maize Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China Abstract: The expression of imprinted genes is regulated by epigenetic mechanism. In plant endosperm, the allele of im- printed genes is expressed in a pattern of parent-of-origin-dependent. The expression of imprinted genes plays essential roles in the development of embryos and their annexe structures, as well as seed size, reproductive barriers and apomixis. Along with the progress of plant epigenetic research, the exploration of imprinted genes is becoming hotspot in epigenetic research. This review focused on the parental conflict theory about the origin of imprinted genes, and the latest research advances in expression regulation mechanism of plant imprinted genes, using the examples of the important imprinted genes MEA , FIS2, FWA, MPC, and PHE1 in Arabidopsis , and FIE1 and FIE2 in maize. Keywords: imprinted genes; parent-of-origin effects; endosperm; parental conflict theory , , de Vries[3] R r 1970 , Kermiclet[4] B [1] ,