激光原理（Laser principle）.docVIP

激光原理（Laser principle） Principle of laser generation Date: 2011-11-11 source: new special opto electronic Author: admin browsing: 817 To learn the principles of lasers, we need to understand these concepts first 1, energy level Matter is made up of atoms, and atoms are made up of nuclei and electrons. Electrons move around the nucleus. The energy of an electron in an atom is not arbitrary. Quantum mechanics, which describes the microscopic world, tells us that these electrons are at fixed energy levels, and that different energy levels correspond to different electronic energies, and that the farther away from the nucleus is, the higher the orbital energy. In addition, the number of electrons in different orbits can accommodate up to is different, such as the lowest orbit (is the recent nuclear track) most can hold only 2 electrons, high orbit can accommodate 8 electrons and so on. 2, transition Electrons can move from one energy level to another by absorbing or releasing energy. For example, when an electron absorbs a photon, it may transition from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. In the same way, an electron at a high energy level also transitions to a lower energy level by emitting a photon. In these processes, the photon energy released or absorbed by electrons is always equal to the energy difference of the two levels. Since the photon energy determines the wavelength of light, the absorbed or released light has a fixed color. 3 spontaneous radiation Refers to the high level of electrons in the absence of external action, spontaneous migration to the low energy level, and in the transition to produce light (electromagnetic wave) radiation, radiation photon energy is hv=E2-E1, that is, the difference between the two energy levels. This radiation is characterized by the spontaneous and independent transitions of each electron, without any external influences and no relation with each other. Thus, the state of photons emitted by them is different. The