中国近现代史纲要第1章物质世界及其发展规律重点（The outline of Chinese modern history, the first chapter focuses on the material world and its development law）.doc

中国近现代史纲要第1章物质世界及其发展规律重点（The outline of Chinese modern history, the first chapter focuses on the material world and its development law） Chapter 1? 1. Briefly outline the basic views of materialism and its basic forms of development, and illustrate the basic forms of idealism. P35? A. the forms of materialism: A, ancient simple materialism, B, modern metaphysics, C, modern materialism, D and historical materialism. ? View: A, material is primitive, primary, consciousness is derivative, secondary sex, B, philosophical epistemological problems are divided into: A, knowable, B, agnosticism? ??? the form: A, idealism subjective idealism, B objective idealism (the real world is the concept of the shadow of the world)?? 2. division of historical materialism and historical idealism: whether to recognize social existence determines social consciousness?? 3. fundamental problems in view of history: the relationship between social existence and social consciousness?? 4., what is monism and dualism, and what is the difference between idealism and materialism on the issue of world unification? P36? Monism: a philosophical view that the world has only one origin. - recognition of world unification? Dualism: the philosophical view that the world has two separate origins (material and spiritual) - denial of world unity? The question of unification, monism has two kinds: 1) the origin of the world --- that idealist monism is the material, material unity in spirit? 2) materialism monism -- that the world is the source of the material, the material unity?? 5. limitations: mechanical materialism: the explanation of all incomplete machinery, mechanical materialism: not to implement the history? The Metaphysics: dont put things as the development of the movement and intuitive: lack of practice, the relationship between material and consciousness 1.: A, material determines consciousness. B, consciousness has a dynamic reaction to matter. P40 material definition and theoretical significanc