类型学视野下的苏州民居分析.doc

类型学视野下的苏州民居分析 摘 要 苏州古建筑因其得天独厚的自然地理条件、深厚浓重的文化艺术积淀以及精湛高超的建筑技术工艺而成为世界建筑苑中的一枝奇葩。苏州古民居作为相对于园林而言鲜有人关注的一类形式常常被忽视，但却是苏州古建筑中数量最多的建筑形式，是构成苏州古城的重要组成部分。由于种种原因，苏州古民居深藏水巷不为世人所识，而类型学与结构主义可以比较清晰的对苏州古民居的形成、发展、“完善”作出解释。本文先通过对类型学这一理论的提出、研究与发展的研究，拟从类型学角度，对苏州古民居的群体布局、单体形态以及由民居构成的城市街巷空间等方面做一个较为详细的分析，并借此提出对于苏州古城保护与更新改造的设想与建议。 关键词 建筑类型学；形态学；苏州古民居；文化与传承 The perspective of typological analysis of the Suzhou local-style dwelling houses Abstract Suzhou ancient architecture has become masterpiece in the worlds architecture because of its unique natural geographical conditions, splendid cultural and artistic accumulation, as well as superb techniques of construction. As a kind of form that has always been neglected, the ancient dwelling houses in Suzhou are often achieve little focus, but it is the most important form of the ancient architecture in Suzhou. It is an important part of the ancient city of Suzhou. Due to various reasons, Suzhou ancient dwellings deep roadway not recognized, and typology and structuralism can be more clear on the formation and development of Suzhou ancient dwellings, perfect to explain. This article first through the research on the types of scientific research and development, put forward the theory of the plans from the typological perspective, make a detailed analysis of Suzhou ancient folk group layout, form and houses a city street space and other aspects, and to put forward the ideas and suggestions for the protection and renewal of ancient city the transformation of Suzhou. Keywords Typology; Morphology; Suzhou ancient dwellings; Cultural heritage 1 建筑类型学 1.1 建筑类型学的含义 根据中国人对类型的字面意思解释，“类型”即有种类、同类、分类、类别之意，如“物以类聚，人以群分”等。再其次，类型有明确的种类的意思，这自古便是先辈们进行建设或创作时所约定俗成的方法，如《营造法式》、《样式雷》、《园冶》等等，强调的是有法无式，追求的是意境的塑造，而不仅仅是模仿、复制。现在看来，反而国人在创作时往往会陷入机械的模仿。 且不说国内，在中世纪之后，文艺复兴人本思想的灌输以及工业革命的发展，建筑的发展出现了很多思潮，如古典复兴，人们发现在历史中能寻找到前进的方向，于是果断“搬”来古希腊罗马的人文思想所凝聚精华古典柱式，当然并不是完全的拿来主义，而是取其形制，结合时代特色做出了进一步的创新；再者到工业时代，建筑技术与材料的飞速发展，现代主义建筑逐渐登上历史舞台并以星星之火之态燃遍了正处于战争结束之后需要大量建设的全球，柯布西耶显然是其中的佼佼者，然而模式化的发展使得世界多