小儿脱水（Dehydration in children）.docVIP

小儿脱水（Dehydration in children） Dehydration refers to the total amount of the body fluid, especially the volume of the extracellular fluid. Loss of Shang Youna, potassium, and other electrolytes except loss of water during dehydration. The cause of dehydration is fluid depletion and / or excessive fluid loss. Diagnostic points 1. determine the degree of dehydration Refers to the amount of fluid loss accumulated after illness, that is, the percentage of dehydration to body weight. It is generally analyzed and judged according to the clinical manifestations. Light Weight loss: 2: 5%; over 2 years: 3% Urine output: slightly decreased Thirst: + Bregmatic (baby), orbital: normal or depression Oral mucosa: slightly dry Skin: slightly dry, elastic normal Blood pressure: normal Acral: warm Spirit: normal moderate Weight loss: 2: 5%-9%: 3%-6%; more than 2 years old Urine output: decreased significantly Thirsty: 2+ Bregmatic (baby), eye socket: obvious depression Oral mucosa: dry Skin: dry, elastic difference Blood pressure: normal or slightly lower Acral: slightly cooler Spirit: restlessness or malaise severe Weight loss: 2: 10%: 7%; more than 2 years old Urine output: very little or no urine Thirsty: 3+ Bregmatic (baby), deep eye socket: Oral mucosa: very dry Skin: dry, gray or patterned, extremely elastic Blood pressure: lower Extremities: cold, cold Spirit: lethargy or lethargy 2. determine dehydration properties According to the loss of water and electrolyte (mainly sodium), the osmotic pressure changes, and the dehydration is 3 types: isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic dehydration. (1) isotonic dehydration Water is proportional to sodium, and plasma osmolality is normal. Blood sodium is measured between 130-150 mmol/L and is the most common form of dehydration. It is mainly characterized by the decrease of extracellular fluid, typical dehydration, and acute diarrhea in infants and young children. (2) hypotonic dehydration The loss of sodium was more than the loss of wate