采样频率的上限 The Upper Limits of Sampling Frequencies.pdfVIP

2013 年 第 7 卷 第 1 期 南 方 电 网 技 术 特约专稿 2013 ，Vol. 7 ，No. 1 SOUTHERN POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY Featured Articles 文章编号：1674-0629 (2013)01-0028-04 中图分类号：TP271.81 ；TP273.2 文献标志码：A 采样频率的上限 郝玉山 （三川电气有限责任公司，河北保定071051 ） 摘要：85 年前奈奎斯特给出了采样频率的下限，在参数辨识和自适应控制的实践中又知道采样频率高会造成应用失败， 得出一些经验公式。推导出采样频率上限，其与 S 域的允许误差成正比、与Z 域栅格成反比，并图解了其原理。指出 采样频率上限不高、很容易超过，这点应当在应用中引起足够重视，并给出了提高采样频率上限的方法，从而为参数辨 识、自适应控制和数字控制打下较好的基础。 关键词：采样频率；奈奎斯特采样定理；参数辨识；自适应控制；数字控制 The Upper Limits of Sampling Frequencies HAO Yushan (Sanchuan Electric Co., Baoding, Hebei 071051, China) Abstract: The lower limits of sampling frequencies were given by Nyquist 85 years ago, and several empirical formulae were obtained for the parameter identification and self-adaptation control in practice as it was known that the application would be failure if sampling frequencies being too high. This paper deduces theoretically the upper limits of sampling frequencies. They are proportional to the permissible errors of S space, and inversely proportional to the grids of Z space, and their principles are illustrated. It proves that the upper limits of sampling frequencies are not so high that they are easier to be over. Methods are given to rise the upper limits as to provide better basis for the parameter identification, adaptive control and digital control. Key words: sampling frequencies; Nyquist’s theorem; parameter identifications; adaptive controls; digital controls 早在1928年奈奎斯特给出了采样频率的下限[1] ， 出了经验公式，认为采样频率上限与噪声水平、模 [2] 1948 年加农加以引用并给出了著名的加农定理 ， 数转换器（ADC ）分辨率和系统主时间常数成正比， 后人称之为奈奎斯特采样定理。